Arizona State University (ASU) CSE100 Principles of Programming with C++ Midterm 1 Practice Exam

The key difference between an int and a float in C++ lies in their representation of numerical values. An int, short for integer, is specifically designed to hold whole numbers without any decimal points. This means that if you attempt to store a number that includes a decimal in an int variable, it will be truncated to just the whole number portion, losing any fractional part.

On the other hand, a float, which stands for floating-point number, is used to represent numbers that can have decimal places. This makes float suitable for scenarios requiring precision with fractions, such as calculating averages, ratios, or any real-world measurements that are not whole numbers.

Therefore, the distinction clearly lies in that an int is for counting whole quantities, while a float is utilized for more precise values that include decimals. This characteristic aligns perfectly with C++, which uses these types based on the data's requirements in a program.